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(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2009-2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Roman Shtylman <shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com>
Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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[![Express Logo](https://i.cloudup.com/zfY6lL7eFa-3000x3000.png)](http://expressjs.com/)
**Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for [Node.js](http://nodejs.org).**
**This project has a [Code of Conduct][].**
## Table of contents
* [Installation](#Installation)
* [Features](#Features)
* [Docs & Community](#docs--community)
* [Quick Start](#Quick-Start)
* [Running Tests](#Running-Tests)
* [Philosophy](#Philosophy)
* [Examples](#Examples)
* [Contributing to Express](#Contributing)
* [TC (Technical Committee)](#tc-technical-committee)
* [Triagers](#triagers)
* [License](#license)
[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM Install Size][npm-install-size-image]][npm-install-size-url]
[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-downloads-url]
[![OpenSSF Scorecard Badge][ossf-scorecard-badge]][ossf-scorecard-visualizer]
```js
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello World')
})
app.listen(3000)
```
## Installation
This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/).
Before installing, [download and install Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
Node.js 0.10 or higher is required.
If this is a brand new project, make sure to create a `package.json` first with
the [`npm init` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file).
Installation is done using the
[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
```console
$ npm install express
```
Follow [our installing guide](http://expressjs.com/en/starter/installing.html)
for more information.
## Features
* Robust routing
* Focus on high performance
* Super-high test coverage
* HTTP helpers (redirection, caching, etc)
* View system supporting 14+ template engines
* Content negotiation
* Executable for generating applications quickly
## Docs & Community
* [Website and Documentation](http://expressjs.com/) - [[website repo](https://github.com/expressjs/expressjs.com)]
* [#express](https://web.libera.chat/#express) on [Libera Chat](https://libera.chat) IRC
* [GitHub Organization](https://github.com/expressjs) for Official Middleware & Modules
* Visit the [Wiki](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki)
* [Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/express-js) for discussion
* [Gitter](https://gitter.im/expressjs/express) for support and discussion
**PROTIP** Be sure to read [Migrating from 3.x to 4.x](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki/Migrating-from-3.x-to-4.x) as well as [New features in 4.x](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki/New-features-in-4.x).
## Quick Start
The quickest way to get started with express is to utilize the executable [`express(1)`](https://github.com/expressjs/generator) to generate an application as shown below:
Install the executable. The executable's major version will match Express's:
```console
$ npm install -g express-generator@4
```
Create the app:
```console
$ express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo
```
Install dependencies:
```console
$ npm install
```
Start the server:
```console
$ npm start
```
View the website at: http://localhost:3000
## Philosophy
The Express philosophy is to provide small, robust tooling for HTTP servers, making
it a great solution for single page applications, websites, hybrids, or public
HTTP APIs.
Express does not force you to use any specific ORM or template engine. With support for over
14 template engines via [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js),
you can quickly craft your perfect framework.
## Examples
To view the examples, clone the Express repo and install the dependencies:
```console
$ git clone https://github.com/expressjs/express.git --depth 1
$ cd express
$ npm install
```
Then run whichever example you want:
```console
$ node examples/content-negotiation
```
## Contributing
[![Linux Build][github-actions-ci-image]][github-actions-ci-url]
[![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
The Express.js project welcomes all constructive contributions. Contributions take many forms,
from code for bug fixes and enhancements, to additions and fixes to documentation, additional
tests, triaging incoming pull requests and issues, and more!
See the [Contributing Guide](Contributing.md) for more technical details on contributing.
### Security Issues
If you discover a security vulnerability in Express, please see [Security Policies and Procedures](Security.md).
### Running Tests
To run the test suite, first install the dependencies, then run `npm test`:
```console
$ npm install
$ npm test
```
## People
The original author of Express is [TJ Holowaychuk](https://github.com/tj)
[List of all contributors](https://github.com/expressjs/express/graphs/contributors)
### TC (Technical Committee)
* [UlisesGascon](https://github.com/UlisesGascon) - **Ulises Gascón** (he/him)
* [jonchurch](https://github.com/jonchurch) - **Jon Church**
* [wesleytodd](https://github.com/wesleytodd) - **Wes Todd**
* [LinusU](https://github.com/LinusU) - **Linus Unnebäck**
* [blakeembrey](https://github.com/blakeembrey) - **Blake Embrey**
* [sheplu](https://github.com/sheplu) - **Jean Burellier**
* [crandmck](https://github.com/crandmck) - **Rand McKinney**
* [ctcpip](https://github.com/ctcpip) - **Chris de Almeida**
<details>
<summary>TC emeriti members</summary>
#### TC emeriti members
* [dougwilson](https://github.com/dougwilson) - **Douglas Wilson**
* [hacksparrow](https://github.com/hacksparrow) - **Hage Yaapa**
* [jonathanong](https://github.com/jonathanong) - **jongleberry**
* [niftylettuce](https://github.com/niftylettuce) - **niftylettuce**
* [troygoode](https://github.com/troygoode) - **Troy Goode**
</details>
### Triagers
* [aravindvnair99](https://github.com/aravindvnair99) - **Aravind Nair**
* [carpasse](https://github.com/carpasse) - **Carlos Serrano**
* [CBID2](https://github.com/CBID2) - **Christine Belzie**
* [enyoghasim](https://github.com/enyoghasim) - **David Enyoghasim**
* [UlisesGascon](https://github.com/UlisesGascon) - **Ulises Gascón** (he/him)
* [mertcanaltin](https://github.com/mertcanaltin) - **Mert Can Altin**
* [0ss](https://github.com/0ss) - **Salah**
* [import-brain](https://github.com/import-brain) - **Eric Cheng** (he/him)
* [3imed-jaberi](https://github.com/3imed-jaberi) - **Imed Jaberi**
* [dakshkhetan](https://github.com/dakshkhetan) - **Daksh Khetan** (he/him)
* [lucasraziel](https://github.com/lucasraziel) - **Lucas Soares Do Rego**
* [IamLizu](https://github.com/IamLizu) - **S M Mahmudul Hasan** (he/him)
* [Sushmeet](https://github.com/Sushmeet) - **Sushmeet Sunger**
<details>
<summary>Triagers emeriti members</summary>
#### Emeritus Triagers
* [AuggieH](https://github.com/AuggieH) - **Auggie Hudak**
* [G-Rath](https://github.com/G-Rath) - **Gareth Jones**
* [MohammadXroid](https://github.com/MohammadXroid) - **Mohammad Ayashi**
* [NawafSwe](https://github.com/NawafSwe) - **Nawaf Alsharqi**
* [NotMoni](https://github.com/NotMoni) - **Moni**
* [VigneshMurugan](https://github.com/VigneshMurugan) - **Vignesh Murugan**
* [davidmashe](https://github.com/davidmashe) - **David Ashe**
* [digitaIfabric](https://github.com/digitaIfabric) - **David**
* [e-l-i-s-e](https://github.com/e-l-i-s-e) - **Elise Bonner**
* [fed135](https://github.com/fed135) - **Frederic Charette**
* [firmanJS](https://github.com/firmanJS) - **Firman Abdul Hakim**
* [getspooky](https://github.com/getspooky) - **Yasser Ameur**
* [ghinks](https://github.com/ghinks) - **Glenn**
* [ghousemohamed](https://github.com/ghousemohamed) - **Ghouse Mohamed**
* [gireeshpunathil](https://github.com/gireeshpunathil) - **Gireesh Punathil**
* [jake32321](https://github.com/jake32321) - **Jake Reed**
* [jonchurch](https://github.com/jonchurch) - **Jon Church**
* [lekanikotun](https://github.com/lekanikotun) - **Troy Goode**
* [marsonya](https://github.com/marsonya) - **Lekan Ikotun**
* [mastermatt](https://github.com/mastermatt) - **Matt R. Wilson**
* [maxakuru](https://github.com/maxakuru) - **Max Edell**
* [mlrawlings](https://github.com/mlrawlings) - **Michael Rawlings**
* [rodion-arr](https://github.com/rodion-arr) - **Rodion Abdurakhimov**
* [sheplu](https://github.com/sheplu) - **Jean Burellier**
* [tarunyadav1](https://github.com/tarunyadav1) - **Tarun yadav**
* [tunniclm](https://github.com/tunniclm) - **Mike Tunnicliffe**
</details>
## License
[MIT](LICENSE)
[appveyor-image]: https://badgen.net/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/express/master?label=windows
[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/express
[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/expressjs/express/master
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/express?branch=master
[github-actions-ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/expressjs/express/master?label=linux
[github-actions-ci-url]: https://github.com/expressjs/express/actions/workflows/ci.yml
[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/express
[npm-downloads-url]: https://npmcharts.com/compare/express?minimal=true
[npm-install-size-image]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/express
[npm-install-size-url]: https://packagephobia.com/result?p=express
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/express
[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/express
[ossf-scorecard-badge]: https://api.scorecard.dev/projects/github.com/expressjs/express/badge
[ossf-scorecard-visualizer]: https://ossf.github.io/scorecard-visualizer/#/projects/github.com/expressjs/express
[Code of Conduct]: https://github.com/expressjs/express/blob/master/Code-Of-Conduct.md

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
module.exports = require('./lib/express');

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @private
*/
var finalhandler = require('finalhandler');
var methods = require('methods');
var debug = require('debug')('express:application');
var View = require('./view');
var http = require('http');
var compileETag = require('./utils').compileETag;
var compileQueryParser = require('./utils').compileQueryParser;
var compileTrust = require('./utils').compileTrust;
var merge = require('utils-merge');
var resolve = require('path').resolve;
var once = require('once')
var Router = require('router');
var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
/**
* Module variables.
* @private
*/
var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
var flatten = Array.prototype.flat;
/**
* Application prototype.
*/
var app = exports = module.exports = {};
/**
* Variable for trust proxy inheritance back-compat
* @private
*/
var trustProxyDefaultSymbol = '@@symbol:trust_proxy_default';
/**
* Initialize the server.
*
* - setup default configuration
* - setup default middleware
* - setup route reflection methods
*
* @private
*/
app.init = function init() {
var router = null;
this.cache = Object.create(null);
this.engines = Object.create(null);
this.settings = Object.create(null);
this.defaultConfiguration();
// Setup getting to lazily add base router
Object.defineProperty(this, 'router', {
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
get: function getrouter() {
if (router === null) {
router = new Router({
caseSensitive: this.enabled('case sensitive routing'),
strict: this.enabled('strict routing')
});
}
return router;
}
});
};
/**
* Initialize application configuration.
* @private
*/
app.defaultConfiguration = function defaultConfiguration() {
var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
// default settings
this.enable('x-powered-by');
this.set('etag', 'weak');
this.set('env', env);
this.set('query parser', 'simple')
this.set('subdomain offset', 2);
this.set('trust proxy', false);
// trust proxy inherit back-compat
Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
configurable: true,
value: true
});
debug('booting in %s mode', env);
this.on('mount', function onmount(parent) {
// inherit trust proxy
if (this.settings[trustProxyDefaultSymbol] === true
&& typeof parent.settings['trust proxy fn'] === 'function') {
delete this.settings['trust proxy'];
delete this.settings['trust proxy fn'];
}
// inherit protos
setPrototypeOf(this.request, parent.request)
setPrototypeOf(this.response, parent.response)
setPrototypeOf(this.engines, parent.engines)
setPrototypeOf(this.settings, parent.settings)
});
// setup locals
this.locals = Object.create(null);
// top-most app is mounted at /
this.mountpath = '/';
// default locals
this.locals.settings = this.settings;
// default configuration
this.set('view', View);
this.set('views', resolve('views'));
this.set('jsonp callback name', 'callback');
if (env === 'production') {
this.enable('view cache');
}
};
/**
* Dispatch a req, res pair into the application. Starts pipeline processing.
*
* If no callback is provided, then default error handlers will respond
* in the event of an error bubbling through the stack.
*
* @private
*/
app.handle = function handle(req, res, callback) {
// final handler
var done = callback || finalhandler(req, res, {
env: this.get('env'),
onerror: logerror.bind(this)
});
// set powered by header
if (this.enabled('x-powered-by')) {
res.setHeader('X-Powered-By', 'Express');
}
// set circular references
req.res = res;
res.req = req;
// alter the prototypes
setPrototypeOf(req, this.request)
setPrototypeOf(res, this.response)
// setup locals
if (!res.locals) {
res.locals = Object.create(null);
}
this.router.handle(req, res, done);
};
/**
* Proxy `Router#use()` to add middleware to the app router.
* See Router#use() documentation for details.
*
* If the _fn_ parameter is an express app, then it will be
* mounted at the _route_ specified.
*
* @public
*/
app.use = function use(fn) {
var offset = 0;
var path = '/';
// default path to '/'
// disambiguate app.use([fn])
if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
var arg = fn;
while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) {
arg = arg[0];
}
// first arg is the path
if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
offset = 1;
path = fn;
}
}
var fns = flatten.call(slice.call(arguments, offset), Infinity);
if (fns.length === 0) {
throw new TypeError('app.use() requires a middleware function')
}
// get router
var router = this.router;
fns.forEach(function (fn) {
// non-express app
if (!fn || !fn.handle || !fn.set) {
return router.use(path, fn);
}
debug('.use app under %s', path);
fn.mountpath = path;
fn.parent = this;
// restore .app property on req and res
router.use(path, function mounted_app(req, res, next) {
var orig = req.app;
fn.handle(req, res, function (err) {
setPrototypeOf(req, orig.request)
setPrototypeOf(res, orig.response)
next(err);
});
});
// mounted an app
fn.emit('mount', this);
}, this);
return this;
};
/**
* Proxy to the app `Router#route()`
* Returns a new `Route` instance for the _path_.
*
* Routes are isolated middleware stacks for specific paths.
* See the Route api docs for details.
*
* @public
*/
app.route = function route(path) {
return this.router.route(path);
};
/**
* Register the given template engine callback `fn`
* as `ext`.
*
* By default will `require()` the engine based on the
* file extension. For example if you try to render
* a "foo.ejs" file Express will invoke the following internally:
*
* app.engine('ejs', require('ejs').__express);
*
* For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
* or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
* you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
* ".html" files:
*
* app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
*
* In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
* the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
* though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
* so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you don't need to do anything.
*
* Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
* [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js)
* library was created to map all of node's popular template
* engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
* work seamlessly within Express.
*
* @param {String} ext
* @param {Function} fn
* @return {app} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.engine = function engine(ext, fn) {
if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
throw new Error('callback function required');
}
// get file extension
var extension = ext[0] !== '.'
? '.' + ext
: ext;
// store engine
this.engines[extension] = fn;
return this;
};
/**
* Proxy to `Router#param()` with one added api feature. The _name_ parameter
* can be an array of names.
*
* See the Router#param() docs for more details.
*
* @param {String|Array} name
* @param {Function} fn
* @return {app} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.param = function param(name, fn) {
if (Array.isArray(name)) {
for (var i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {
this.param(name[i], fn);
}
return this;
}
this.router.param(name, fn);
return this;
};
/**
* Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
*
* app.set('foo', 'bar');
* app.set('foo');
* // => "bar"
*
* Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
*
* @param {String} setting
* @param {*} [val]
* @return {Server} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.set = function set(setting, val) {
if (arguments.length === 1) {
// app.get(setting)
return this.settings[setting];
}
debug('set "%s" to %o', setting, val);
// set value
this.settings[setting] = val;
// trigger matched settings
switch (setting) {
case 'etag':
this.set('etag fn', compileETag(val));
break;
case 'query parser':
this.set('query parser fn', compileQueryParser(val));
break;
case 'trust proxy':
this.set('trust proxy fn', compileTrust(val));
// trust proxy inherit back-compat
Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
configurable: true,
value: false
});
break;
}
return this;
};
/**
* Return the app's absolute pathname
* based on the parent(s) that have
* mounted it.
*
* For example if the application was
* mounted as "/admin", which itself
* was mounted as "/blog" then the
* return value would be "/blog/admin".
*
* @return {String}
* @private
*/
app.path = function path() {
return this.parent
? this.parent.path() + this.mountpath
: '';
};
/**
* Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
*
* app.enabled('foo')
* // => false
*
* app.enable('foo')
* app.enabled('foo')
* // => true
*
* @param {String} setting
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
app.enabled = function enabled(setting) {
return Boolean(this.set(setting));
};
/**
* Check if `setting` is disabled.
*
* app.disabled('foo')
* // => true
*
* app.enable('foo')
* app.disabled('foo')
* // => false
*
* @param {String} setting
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
app.disabled = function disabled(setting) {
return !this.set(setting);
};
/**
* Enable `setting`.
*
* @param {String} setting
* @return {app} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.enable = function enable(setting) {
return this.set(setting, true);
};
/**
* Disable `setting`.
*
* @param {String} setting
* @return {app} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.disable = function disable(setting) {
return this.set(setting, false);
};
/**
* Delegate `.VERB(...)` calls to `router.VERB(...)`.
*/
methods.forEach(function(method){
app[method] = function(path){
if (method === 'get' && arguments.length === 1) {
// app.get(setting)
return this.set(path);
}
var route = this.route(path);
route[method].apply(route, slice.call(arguments, 1));
return this;
};
});
/**
* Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
* middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
*
* @param {String} path
* @param {Function} ...
* @return {app} for chaining
* @public
*/
app.all = function all(path) {
var route = this.route(path);
var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
route[methods[i]].apply(route, args);
}
return this;
};
/**
* Render the given view `name` name with `options`
* and a callback accepting an error and the
* rendered template string.
*
* Example:
*
* app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
* // ...
* })
*
* @param {String} name
* @param {Object|Function} options or fn
* @param {Function} callback
* @public
*/
app.render = function render(name, options, callback) {
var cache = this.cache;
var done = callback;
var engines = this.engines;
var opts = options;
var renderOptions = {};
var view;
// support callback function as second arg
if (typeof options === 'function') {
done = options;
opts = {};
}
// merge app.locals
merge(renderOptions, this.locals);
// merge options._locals
if (opts._locals) {
merge(renderOptions, opts._locals);
}
// merge options
merge(renderOptions, opts);
// set .cache unless explicitly provided
if (renderOptions.cache == null) {
renderOptions.cache = this.enabled('view cache');
}
// primed cache
if (renderOptions.cache) {
view = cache[name];
}
// view
if (!view) {
var View = this.get('view');
view = new View(name, {
defaultEngine: this.get('view engine'),
root: this.get('views'),
engines: engines
});
if (!view.path) {
var dirs = Array.isArray(view.root) && view.root.length > 1
? 'directories "' + view.root.slice(0, -1).join('", "') + '" or "' + view.root[view.root.length - 1] + '"'
: 'directory "' + view.root + '"'
var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '" in views ' + dirs);
err.view = view;
return done(err);
}
// prime the cache
if (renderOptions.cache) {
cache[name] = view;
}
}
// render
tryRender(view, renderOptions, done);
};
/**
* Listen for connections.
*
* A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
* application (which is a `Function`) as its
* callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
* and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
* and "https" modules as shown here:
*
* var http = require('http')
* , https = require('https')
* , express = require('express')
* , app = express();
*
* http.createServer(app).listen(80);
* https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
*
* @return {http.Server}
* @public
*/
app.listen = function listen () {
var server = http.createServer(this)
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)
if (typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function') {
var done = args[args.length - 1] = once(args[args.length - 1])
server.once('error', done)
}
return server.listen.apply(server, args)
}
/**
* Log error using console.error.
*
* @param {Error} err
* @private
*/
function logerror(err) {
/* istanbul ignore next */
if (this.get('env') !== 'test') console.error(err.stack || err.toString());
}
/**
* Try rendering a view.
* @private
*/
function tryRender(view, options, callback) {
try {
view.render(options, callback);
} catch (err) {
callback(err);
}
}

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies.
*/
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var mixin = require('merge-descriptors');
var proto = require('./application');
var Router = require('router');
var req = require('./request');
var res = require('./response');
/**
* Expose `createApplication()`.
*/
exports = module.exports = createApplication;
/**
* Create an express application.
*
* @return {Function}
* @api public
*/
function createApplication() {
var app = function(req, res, next) {
app.handle(req, res, next);
};
mixin(app, EventEmitter.prototype, false);
mixin(app, proto, false);
// expose the prototype that will get set on requests
app.request = Object.create(req, {
app: { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: app }
})
// expose the prototype that will get set on responses
app.response = Object.create(res, {
app: { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: app }
})
app.init();
return app;
}
/**
* Expose the prototypes.
*/
exports.application = proto;
exports.request = req;
exports.response = res;
/**
* Expose constructors.
*/
exports.Route = Router.Route;
exports.Router = Router;
/**
* Expose middleware
*/
exports.json = bodyParser.json
exports.raw = bodyParser.raw
exports.static = require('serve-static');
exports.text = bodyParser.text
exports.urlencoded = bodyParser.urlencoded

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @private
*/
var accepts = require('accepts');
var isIP = require('net').isIP;
var typeis = require('type-is');
var http = require('http');
var fresh = require('fresh');
var parseRange = require('range-parser');
var parse = require('parseurl');
var proxyaddr = require('proxy-addr');
/**
* Request prototype.
* @public
*/
var req = Object.create(http.IncomingMessage.prototype)
/**
* Module exports.
* @public
*/
module.exports = req
/**
* Return request header.
*
* The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
* both `Referrer` and `Referer` are interchangeable.
*
* Examples:
*
* req.get('Content-Type');
* // => "text/plain"
*
* req.get('content-type');
* // => "text/plain"
*
* req.get('Something');
* // => undefined
*
* Aliased as `req.header()`.
*
* @param {String} name
* @return {String}
* @public
*/
req.get =
req.header = function header(name) {
if (!name) {
throw new TypeError('name argument is required to req.get');
}
if (typeof name !== 'string') {
throw new TypeError('name must be a string to req.get');
}
var lc = name.toLowerCase();
switch (lc) {
case 'referer':
case 'referrer':
return this.headers.referrer
|| this.headers.referer;
default:
return this.headers[lc];
}
};
/**
* To do: update docs.
*
* Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
* the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
* case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
*
* The `type` value may be a single MIME type string
* such as "application/json", an extension name
* such as "json", a comma-delimited list such as "json, html, text/plain",
* an argument list such as `"json", "html", "text/plain"`,
* or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
* or array is given, the _best_ match, if any is returned.
*
* Examples:
*
* // Accept: text/html
* req.accepts('html');
* // => "html"
*
* // Accept: text/*, application/json
* req.accepts('html');
* // => "html"
* req.accepts('text/html');
* // => "text/html"
* req.accepts('json, text');
* // => "json"
* req.accepts('application/json');
* // => "application/json"
*
* // Accept: text/*, application/json
* req.accepts('image/png');
* req.accepts('png');
* // => undefined
*
* // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
* req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
* req.accepts('html', 'json');
* req.accepts('html, json');
* // => "json"
*
* @param {String|Array} type(s)
* @return {String|Array|Boolean}
* @public
*/
req.accepts = function(){
var accept = accepts(this);
return accept.types.apply(accept, arguments);
};
/**
* Check if the given `encoding`s are accepted.
*
* @param {String} ...encoding
* @return {String|Array}
* @public
*/
req.acceptsEncodings = function(){
var accept = accepts(this);
return accept.encodings.apply(accept, arguments);
};
/**
* Check if the given `charset`s are acceptable,
* otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
*
* @param {String} ...charset
* @return {String|Array}
* @public
*/
req.acceptsCharsets = function(){
var accept = accepts(this);
return accept.charsets.apply(accept, arguments);
};
/**
* Check if the given `lang`s are acceptable,
* otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
*
* @param {String} ...lang
* @return {String|Array}
* @public
*/
req.acceptsLanguages = function(){
var accept = accepts(this);
return accept.languages.apply(accept, arguments);
};
/**
* Parse Range header field, capping to the given `size`.
*
* Unspecified ranges such as "0-" require knowledge of your resource length. In
* the case of a byte range this is of course the total number of bytes. If the
* Range header field is not given `undefined` is returned, `-1` when unsatisfiable,
* and `-2` when syntactically invalid.
*
* When ranges are returned, the array has a "type" property which is the type of
* range that is required (most commonly, "bytes"). Each array element is an object
* with a "start" and "end" property for the portion of the range.
*
* The "combine" option can be set to `true` and overlapping & adjacent ranges
* will be combined into a single range.
*
* NOTE: remember that ranges are inclusive, so for example "Range: users=0-3"
* should respond with 4 users when available, not 3.
*
* @param {number} size
* @param {object} [options]
* @param {boolean} [options.combine=false]
* @return {number|array}
* @public
*/
req.range = function range(size, options) {
var range = this.get('Range');
if (!range) return;
return parseRange(size, range, options);
};
/**
* Parse the query string of `req.url`.
*
* This uses the "query parser" setting to parse the raw
* string into an object.
*
* @return {String}
* @api public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'query', function query(){
var queryparse = this.app.get('query parser fn');
if (!queryparse) {
// parsing is disabled
return Object.create(null);
}
var querystring = parse(this).query;
return queryparse(querystring);
});
/**
* Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
* header field, and it contains the given mime `type`.
*
* Examples:
*
* // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
* req.is('html');
* req.is('text/html');
* req.is('text/*');
* // => true
*
* // When Content-Type is application/json
* req.is('json');
* req.is('application/json');
* req.is('application/*');
* // => true
*
* req.is('html');
* // => false
*
* @param {String|Array} types...
* @return {String|false|null}
* @public
*/
req.is = function is(types) {
var arr = types;
// support flattened arguments
if (!Array.isArray(types)) {
arr = new Array(arguments.length);
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = arguments[i];
}
}
return typeis(this, arr);
};
/**
* Return the protocol string "http" or "https"
* when requested with TLS. When the "trust proxy"
* setting trusts the socket address, the
* "X-Forwarded-Proto" header field will be trusted
* and used if present.
*
* If you're running behind a reverse proxy that
* supplies https for you this may be enabled.
*
* @return {String}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'protocol', function protocol(){
var proto = this.connection.encrypted
? 'https'
: 'http';
var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
if (!trust(this.connection.remoteAddress, 0)) {
return proto;
}
// Note: X-Forwarded-Proto is normally only ever a
// single value, but this is to be safe.
var header = this.get('X-Forwarded-Proto') || proto
var index = header.indexOf(',')
return index !== -1
? header.substring(0, index).trim()
: header.trim()
});
/**
* Short-hand for:
*
* req.protocol === 'https'
*
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'secure', function secure(){
return this.protocol === 'https';
});
/**
* Return the remote address from the trusted proxy.
*
* The is the remote address on the socket unless
* "trust proxy" is set.
*
* @return {String}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'ip', function ip(){
var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
return proxyaddr(this, trust);
});
/**
* When "trust proxy" is set, trusted proxy addresses + client.
*
* For example if the value were "client, proxy1, proxy2"
* you would receive the array `["client", "proxy1", "proxy2"]`
* where "proxy2" is the furthest down-stream and "proxy1" and
* "proxy2" were trusted.
*
* @return {Array}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'ips', function ips() {
var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
var addrs = proxyaddr.all(this, trust);
// reverse the order (to farthest -> closest)
// and remove socket address
addrs.reverse().pop()
return addrs
});
/**
* Return subdomains as an array.
*
* Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
* the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
* parts of the host. This can be changed by setting "subdomain offset".
*
* For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
* If "subdomain offset" is not set, req.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
* If "subdomain offset" is 3, req.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
*
* @return {Array}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'subdomains', function subdomains() {
var hostname = this.hostname;
if (!hostname) return [];
var offset = this.app.get('subdomain offset');
var subdomains = !isIP(hostname)
? hostname.split('.').reverse()
: [hostname];
return subdomains.slice(offset);
});
/**
* Short-hand for `url.parse(req.url).pathname`.
*
* @return {String}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'path', function path() {
return parse(this).pathname;
});
/**
* Parse the "Host" header field to a host.
*
* When the "trust proxy" setting trusts the socket
* address, the "X-Forwarded-Host" header field will
* be trusted.
*
* @return {String}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'host', function host(){
var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
var val = this.get('X-Forwarded-Host');
if (!val || !trust(this.connection.remoteAddress, 0)) {
val = this.get('Host');
} else if (val.indexOf(',') !== -1) {
// Note: X-Forwarded-Host is normally only ever a
// single value, but this is to be safe.
val = val.substring(0, val.indexOf(',')).trimRight()
}
return val || undefined;
});
/**
* Parse the "Host" header field to a hostname.
*
* When the "trust proxy" setting trusts the socket
* address, the "X-Forwarded-Host" header field will
* be trusted.
*
* @return {String}
* @api public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'hostname', function hostname(){
var host = this.host;
if (!host) return;
// IPv6 literal support
var offset = host[0] === '['
? host.indexOf(']') + 1
: 0;
var index = host.indexOf(':', offset);
return index !== -1
? host.substring(0, index)
: host;
});
/**
* Check if the request is fresh, aka
* Last-Modified or the ETag
* still match.
*
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'fresh', function(){
var method = this.method;
var res = this.res
var status = res.statusCode
// GET or HEAD for weak freshness validation only
if ('GET' !== method && 'HEAD' !== method) return false;
// 2xx or 304 as per rfc2616 14.26
if ((status >= 200 && status < 300) || 304 === status) {
return fresh(this.headers, {
'etag': res.get('ETag'),
'last-modified': res.get('Last-Modified')
})
}
return false;
});
/**
* Check if the request is stale, aka
* "Last-Modified" and / or the "ETag" for the
* resource has changed.
*
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'stale', function stale(){
return !this.fresh;
});
/**
* Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
*
* @return {Boolean}
* @public
*/
defineGetter(req, 'xhr', function xhr(){
var val = this.get('X-Requested-With') || '';
return val.toLowerCase() === 'xmlhttprequest';
});
/**
* Helper function for creating a getter on an object.
*
* @param {Object} obj
* @param {String} name
* @param {Function} getter
* @private
*/
function defineGetter(obj, name, getter) {
Object.defineProperty(obj, name, {
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
get: getter
});
}

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @api private
*/
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
var contentType = require('content-type');
var etag = require('etag');
var mime = require('mime-types')
var proxyaddr = require('proxy-addr');
var qs = require('qs');
var querystring = require('querystring');
/**
* Return strong ETag for `body`.
*
* @param {String|Buffer} body
* @param {String} [encoding]
* @return {String}
* @api private
*/
exports.etag = createETagGenerator({ weak: false })
/**
* Return weak ETag for `body`.
*
* @param {String|Buffer} body
* @param {String} [encoding]
* @return {String}
* @api private
*/
exports.wetag = createETagGenerator({ weak: true })
/**
* Normalize the given `type`, for example "html" becomes "text/html".
*
* @param {String} type
* @return {Object}
* @api private
*/
exports.normalizeType = function(type){
return ~type.indexOf('/')
? acceptParams(type)
: { value: (mime.lookup(type) || 'application/octet-stream'), params: {} }
};
/**
* Normalize `types`, for example "html" becomes "text/html".
*
* @param {Array} types
* @return {Array}
* @api private
*/
exports.normalizeTypes = function(types){
var ret = [];
for (var i = 0; i < types.length; ++i) {
ret.push(exports.normalizeType(types[i]));
}
return ret;
};
/**
* Parse accept params `str` returning an
* object with `.value`, `.quality` and `.params`.
*
* @param {String} str
* @return {Object}
* @api private
*/
function acceptParams (str) {
var parts = str.split(/ *; */);
var ret = { value: parts[0], quality: 1, params: {} }
for (var i = 1; i < parts.length; ++i) {
var pms = parts[i].split(/ *= */);
if ('q' === pms[0]) {
ret.quality = parseFloat(pms[1]);
} else {
ret.params[pms[0]] = pms[1];
}
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Compile "etag" value to function.
*
* @param {Boolean|String|Function} val
* @return {Function}
* @api private
*/
exports.compileETag = function(val) {
var fn;
if (typeof val === 'function') {
return val;
}
switch (val) {
case true:
case 'weak':
fn = exports.wetag;
break;
case false:
break;
case 'strong':
fn = exports.etag;
break;
default:
throw new TypeError('unknown value for etag function: ' + val);
}
return fn;
}
/**
* Compile "query parser" value to function.
*
* @param {String|Function} val
* @return {Function}
* @api private
*/
exports.compileQueryParser = function compileQueryParser(val) {
var fn;
if (typeof val === 'function') {
return val;
}
switch (val) {
case true:
case 'simple':
fn = querystring.parse;
break;
case false:
break;
case 'extended':
fn = parseExtendedQueryString;
break;
default:
throw new TypeError('unknown value for query parser function: ' + val);
}
return fn;
}
/**
* Compile "proxy trust" value to function.
*
* @param {Boolean|String|Number|Array|Function} val
* @return {Function}
* @api private
*/
exports.compileTrust = function(val) {
if (typeof val === 'function') return val;
if (val === true) {
// Support plain true/false
return function(){ return true };
}
if (typeof val === 'number') {
// Support trusting hop count
return function(a, i){ return i < val };
}
if (typeof val === 'string') {
// Support comma-separated values
val = val.split(',')
.map(function (v) { return v.trim() })
}
return proxyaddr.compile(val || []);
}
/**
* Set the charset in a given Content-Type string.
*
* @param {String} type
* @param {String} charset
* @return {String}
* @api private
*/
exports.setCharset = function setCharset(type, charset) {
if (!type || !charset) {
return type;
}
// parse type
var parsed = contentType.parse(type);
// set charset
parsed.parameters.charset = charset;
// format type
return contentType.format(parsed);
};
/**
* Create an ETag generator function, generating ETags with
* the given options.
*
* @param {object} options
* @return {function}
* @private
*/
function createETagGenerator (options) {
return function generateETag (body, encoding) {
var buf = !Buffer.isBuffer(body)
? Buffer.from(body, encoding)
: body
return etag(buf, options)
}
}
/**
* Parse an extended query string with qs.
*
* @param {String} str
* @return {Object}
* @private
*/
function parseExtendedQueryString(str) {
return qs.parse(str, {
allowPrototypes: true
});
}

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/*!
* express
* Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
* Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @private
*/
var debug = require('debug')('express:view');
var path = require('path');
var fs = require('fs');
/**
* Module variables.
* @private
*/
var dirname = path.dirname;
var basename = path.basename;
var extname = path.extname;
var join = path.join;
var resolve = path.resolve;
/**
* Module exports.
* @public
*/
module.exports = View;
/**
* Initialize a new `View` with the given `name`.
*
* Options:
*
* - `defaultEngine` the default template engine name
* - `engines` template engine require() cache
* - `root` root path for view lookup
*
* @param {string} name
* @param {object} options
* @public
*/
function View(name, options) {
var opts = options || {};
this.defaultEngine = opts.defaultEngine;
this.ext = extname(name);
this.name = name;
this.root = opts.root;
if (!this.ext && !this.defaultEngine) {
throw new Error('No default engine was specified and no extension was provided.');
}
var fileName = name;
if (!this.ext) {
// get extension from default engine name
this.ext = this.defaultEngine[0] !== '.'
? '.' + this.defaultEngine
: this.defaultEngine;
fileName += this.ext;
}
if (!opts.engines[this.ext]) {
// load engine
var mod = this.ext.slice(1)
debug('require "%s"', mod)
// default engine export
var fn = require(mod).__express
if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Module "' + mod + '" does not provide a view engine.')
}
opts.engines[this.ext] = fn
}
// store loaded engine
this.engine = opts.engines[this.ext];
// lookup path
this.path = this.lookup(fileName);
}
/**
* Lookup view by the given `name`
*
* @param {string} name
* @private
*/
View.prototype.lookup = function lookup(name) {
var path;
var roots = [].concat(this.root);
debug('lookup "%s"', name);
for (var i = 0; i < roots.length && !path; i++) {
var root = roots[i];
// resolve the path
var loc = resolve(root, name);
var dir = dirname(loc);
var file = basename(loc);
// resolve the file
path = this.resolve(dir, file);
}
return path;
};
/**
* Render with the given options.
*
* @param {object} options
* @param {function} callback
* @private
*/
View.prototype.render = function render(options, callback) {
var sync = true;
debug('render "%s"', this.path);
// render, normalizing sync callbacks
this.engine(this.path, options, function onRender() {
if (!sync) {
return callback.apply(this, arguments);
}
// copy arguments
var args = new Array(arguments.length);
var cntx = this;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
args[i] = arguments[i];
}
// force callback to be async
return process.nextTick(function renderTick() {
return callback.apply(cntx, args);
});
});
sync = false;
};
/**
* Resolve the file within the given directory.
*
* @param {string} dir
* @param {string} file
* @private
*/
View.prototype.resolve = function resolve(dir, file) {
var ext = this.ext;
// <path>.<ext>
var path = join(dir, file);
var stat = tryStat(path);
if (stat && stat.isFile()) {
return path;
}
// <path>/index.<ext>
path = join(dir, basename(file, ext), 'index' + ext);
stat = tryStat(path);
if (stat && stat.isFile()) {
return path;
}
};
/**
* Return a stat, maybe.
*
* @param {string} path
* @return {fs.Stats}
* @private
*/
function tryStat(path) {
debug('stat "%s"', path);
try {
return fs.statSync(path);
} catch (e) {
return undefined;
}
}

20
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2014-2017 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Josh Junon
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software
and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction,
including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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# debug
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/debug-js/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/debug-js/debug) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/debug-js/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/debug-js/debug?branch=master) [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers)
[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
A tiny JavaScript debugging utility modelled after Node.js core's debugging
technique. Works in Node.js and web browsers.
## Installation
```bash
$ npm install debug
```
## Usage
`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
Example [_app.js_](./examples/node/app.js):
```js
var debug = require('debug')('http')
, http = require('http')
, name = 'My App';
// fake app
debug('booting %o', name);
http.createServer(function(req, res){
debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
res.end('hello\n');
}).listen(3000, function(){
debug('listening');
});
// fake worker of some kind
require('./worker');
```
Example [_worker.js_](./examples/node/worker.js):
```js
var a = require('debug')('worker:a')
, b = require('debug')('worker:b');
function work() {
a('doing lots of uninteresting work');
setTimeout(work, Math.random() * 1000);
}
work();
function workb() {
b('doing some work');
setTimeout(workb, Math.random() * 2000);
}
workb();
```
The `DEBUG` environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or
comma-delimited names.
Here are some examples:
<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 04 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091703-a6302cdc-7c38-11e7-8304-7c0b3bc600cd.png">
<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 38 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091700-a62a6888-7c38-11e7-800b-db911291ca2b.png">
<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 25 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091701-a62ea114-7c38-11e7-826a-2692bedca740.png">
#### Windows command prompt notes
##### CMD
On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
```cmd
set DEBUG=*,-not_this
```
Example:
```cmd
set DEBUG=* & node app.js
```
##### PowerShell (VS Code default)
PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
```cmd
$env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
```
Example:
```cmd
$env:DEBUG='app';node app.js
```
Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
npm script example:
```js
"windowsDebug": "@powershell -Command $env:DEBUG='*';node app.js",
```
## Namespace Colors
Every debug instance has a color generated for it based on its namespace name.
This helps when visually parsing the debug output to identify which debug instance
a debug line belongs to.
#### Node.js
In Node.js, colors are enabled when stderr is a TTY. You also _should_ install
the [`supports-color`](https://npmjs.org/supports-color) module alongside debug,
otherwise debug will only use a small handful of basic colors.
<img width="521" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092181-47f6a9e6-7c3a-11e7-9a14-1928d8a711cd.png">
#### Web Browser
Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
<img width="524" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092033-b65f9f2e-7c39-11e7-8e32-f6f0d8e865c1.png">
## Millisecond diff
When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toISOString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091956-6bd78372-7c39-11e7-8c55-c948396d6edd.png">
## Conventions
If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser". If you append a "*" to the end of your name, it will always be enabled regardless of the setting of the DEBUG environment variable. You can then use it for normal output as well as debug output.
## Wildcards
The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has
debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session",
instead of listing all three with
`DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do
`DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.
For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those
starting with "connect:".
## Environment Variables
When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
change the behavior of the debug logging:
| Name | Purpose |
|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
| `DEBUG` | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
| `DEBUG_HIDE_DATE` | Hide date from debug output (non-TTY). |
| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth. |
| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
__Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
See the Node.js documentation for
[`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
for the complete list.
## Formatters
Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting.
Below are the officially supported formatters:
| Formatter | Representation |
|-----------|----------------|
| `%O` | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
| `%o` | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
| `%s` | String. |
| `%d` | Number (both integer and float). |
| `%j` | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
| `%%` | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
### Custom formatters
You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object.
For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with
`%h`, you could do something like:
```js
const createDebug = require('debug')
createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
return v.toString('hex')
}
// …elsewhere
const debug = createDebug('foo')
debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
// foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
```
## Browser Support
You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
if you don't want to build it yourself.
Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
```js
localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
```
And then refresh the page.
```js
a = debug('worker:a');
b = debug('worker:b');
setInterval(function(){
a('doing some work');
}, 1000);
setInterval(function(){
b('doing some work');
}, 1200);
```
In Chromium-based web browsers (e.g. Brave, Chrome, and Electron), the JavaScript console will—by default—only show messages logged by `debug` if the "Verbose" log level is _enabled_.
<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7143133/152083257-29034707-c42c-4959-8add-3cee850e6fcf.png">
## Output streams
By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
Example [_stdout.js_](./examples/node/stdout.js):
```js
var debug = require('debug');
var error = debug('app:error');
// by default stderr is used
error('goes to stderr!');
var log = debug('app:log');
// set this namespace to log via console.log
log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
log('goes to stdout');
error('still goes to stderr!');
// set all output to go via console.info
// overrides all per-namespace log settings
debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
```
## Extend
You can simply extend debugger
```js
const log = require('debug')('auth');
//creates new debug instance with extended namespace
const logSign = log.extend('sign');
const logLogin = log.extend('login');
log('hello'); // auth hello
logSign('hello'); //auth:sign hello
logLogin('hello'); //auth:login hello
```
## Set dynamically
You can also enable debug dynamically by calling the `enable()` method :
```js
let debug = require('debug');
console.log(1, debug.enabled('test'));
debug.enable('test');
console.log(2, debug.enabled('test'));
debug.disable();
console.log(3, debug.enabled('test'));
```
print :
```
1 false
2 true
3 false
```
Usage :
`enable(namespaces)`
`namespaces` can include modes separated by a colon and wildcards.
Note that calling `enable()` completely overrides previously set DEBUG variable :
```
$ DEBUG=foo node -e 'var dbg = require("debug"); dbg.enable("bar"); console.log(dbg.enabled("foo"))'
=> false
```
`disable()`
Will disable all namespaces. The functions returns the namespaces currently
enabled (and skipped). This can be useful if you want to disable debugging
temporarily without knowing what was enabled to begin with.
For example:
```js
let debug = require('debug');
debug.enable('foo:*,-foo:bar');
let namespaces = debug.disable();
debug.enable(namespaces);
```
Note: There is no guarantee that the string will be identical to the initial
enable string, but semantically they will be identical.
## Checking whether a debug target is enabled
After you've created a debug instance, you can determine whether or not it is
enabled by checking the `enabled` property:
```javascript
const debug = require('debug')('http');
if (debug.enabled) {
// do stuff...
}
```
You can also manually toggle this property to force the debug instance to be
enabled or disabled.
## Usage in child processes
Due to the way `debug` detects if the output is a TTY or not, colors are not shown in child processes when `stderr` is piped. A solution is to pass the `DEBUG_COLORS=1` environment variable to the child process.
For example:
```javascript
worker = fork(WORKER_WRAP_PATH, [workerPath], {
stdio: [
/* stdin: */ 0,
/* stdout: */ 'pipe',
/* stderr: */ 'pipe',
'ipc',
],
env: Object.assign({}, process.env, {
DEBUG_COLORS: 1 // without this settings, colors won't be shown
}),
});
worker.stderr.pipe(process.stderr, { end: false });
```
## Authors
- TJ Holowaychuk
- Nathan Rajlich
- Andrew Rhyne
- Josh Junon
## Backers
Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
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## Sponsors
Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
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## License
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2014-2017 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Josh Junon
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
{
"name": "debug",
"version": "4.3.6",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/debug-js/debug.git"
},
"description": "Lightweight debugging utility for Node.js and the browser",
"keywords": [
"debug",
"log",
"debugger"
],
"files": [
"src",
"LICENSE",
"README.md"
],
"author": "Josh Junon (https://github.com/qix-)",
"contributors": [
"TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>",
"Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net> (http://n8.io)",
"Andrew Rhyne <rhyneandrew@gmail.com>"
],
"license": "MIT",
"scripts": {
"lint": "xo",
"test": "npm run test:node && npm run test:browser && npm run lint",
"test:node": "istanbul cover _mocha -- test.js test.node.js",
"test:browser": "karma start --single-run",
"test:coverage": "cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls"
},
"dependencies": {
"ms": "2.1.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"brfs": "^2.0.1",
"browserify": "^16.2.3",
"coveralls": "^3.0.2",
"istanbul": "^0.4.5",
"karma": "^3.1.4",
"karma-browserify": "^6.0.0",
"karma-chrome-launcher": "^2.2.0",
"karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
"mocha": "^5.2.0",
"mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
"sinon": "^14.0.0",
"xo": "^0.23.0"
},
"peerDependenciesMeta": {
"supports-color": {
"optional": true
}
},
"main": "./src/index.js",
"browser": "./src/browser.js",
"engines": {
"node": ">=6.0"
}
}

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/* eslint-env browser */
/**
* This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
*/
exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
exports.save = save;
exports.load = load;
exports.useColors = useColors;
exports.storage = localstorage();
exports.destroy = (() => {
let warned = false;
return () => {
if (!warned) {
warned = true;
console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
}
};
})();
/**
* Colors.
*/
exports.colors = [
'#0000CC',
'#0000FF',
'#0033CC',
'#0033FF',
'#0066CC',
'#0066FF',
'#0099CC',
'#0099FF',
'#00CC00',
'#00CC33',
'#00CC66',
'#00CC99',
'#00CCCC',
'#00CCFF',
'#3300CC',
'#3300FF',
'#3333CC',
'#3333FF',
'#3366CC',
'#3366FF',
'#3399CC',
'#3399FF',
'#33CC00',
'#33CC33',
'#33CC66',
'#33CC99',
'#33CCCC',
'#33CCFF',
'#6600CC',
'#6600FF',
'#6633CC',
'#6633FF',
'#66CC00',
'#66CC33',
'#9900CC',
'#9900FF',
'#9933CC',
'#9933FF',
'#99CC00',
'#99CC33',
'#CC0000',
'#CC0033',
'#CC0066',
'#CC0099',
'#CC00CC',
'#CC00FF',
'#CC3300',
'#CC3333',
'#CC3366',
'#CC3399',
'#CC33CC',
'#CC33FF',
'#CC6600',
'#CC6633',
'#CC9900',
'#CC9933',
'#CCCC00',
'#CCCC33',
'#FF0000',
'#FF0033',
'#FF0066',
'#FF0099',
'#FF00CC',
'#FF00FF',
'#FF3300',
'#FF3333',
'#FF3366',
'#FF3399',
'#FF33CC',
'#FF33FF',
'#FF6600',
'#FF6633',
'#FF9900',
'#FF9933',
'#FFCC00',
'#FFCC33'
];
/**
* Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
* and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
* to support "%c" CSS customizations.
*
* TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
*/
// eslint-disable-next-line complexity
function useColors() {
// NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
// initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
// explicitly
if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && (window.process.type === 'renderer' || window.process.__nwjs)) {
return true;
}
// Internet Explorer and Edge do not support colors.
if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/(edge|trident)\/(\d+)/)) {
return false;
}
let m;
// Is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
// document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
// Is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
(typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
// Is firefox >= v31?
// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && (m = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/)) && parseInt(m[1], 10) >= 31) ||
// Double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
}
/**
* Colorize log arguments if enabled.
*
* @api public
*/
function formatArgs(args) {
args[0] = (this.useColors ? '%c' : '') +
this.namespace +
(this.useColors ? ' %c' : ' ') +
args[0] +
(this.useColors ? '%c ' : ' ') +
'+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff);
if (!this.useColors) {
return;
}
const c = 'color: ' + this.color;
args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit');
// The final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
// arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
// figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
let index = 0;
let lastC = 0;
args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, match => {
if (match === '%%') {
return;
}
index++;
if (match === '%c') {
// We only are interested in the *last* %c
// (the user may have provided their own)
lastC = index;
}
});
args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
}
/**
* Invokes `console.debug()` when available.
* No-op when `console.debug` is not a "function".
* If `console.debug` is not available, falls back
* to `console.log`.
*
* @api public
*/
exports.log = console.debug || console.log || (() => {});
/**
* Save `namespaces`.
*
* @param {String} namespaces
* @api private
*/
function save(namespaces) {
try {
if (namespaces) {
exports.storage.setItem('debug', namespaces);
} else {
exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
}
} catch (error) {
// Swallow
// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
}
}
/**
* Load `namespaces`.
*
* @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
* @api private
*/
function load() {
let r;
try {
r = exports.storage.getItem('debug');
} catch (error) {
// Swallow
// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
}
// If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
r = process.env.DEBUG;
}
return r;
}
/**
* Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
*
* This is necessary because safari throws
* when a user disables cookies/localstorage
* and you attempt to access it.
*
* @return {LocalStorage}
* @api private
*/
function localstorage() {
try {
// TVMLKit (Apple TV JS Runtime) does not have a window object, just localStorage in the global context
// The Browser also has localStorage in the global context.
return localStorage;
} catch (error) {
// Swallow
// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
}
}
module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
const {formatters} = module.exports;
/**
* Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
*/
formatters.j = function (v) {
try {
return JSON.stringify(v);
} catch (error) {
return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + error.message;
}
};

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/**
* This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
* implementations of `debug()`.
*/
function setup(env) {
createDebug.debug = createDebug;
createDebug.default = createDebug;
createDebug.coerce = coerce;
createDebug.disable = disable;
createDebug.enable = enable;
createDebug.enabled = enabled;
createDebug.humanize = require('ms');
createDebug.destroy = destroy;
Object.keys(env).forEach(key => {
createDebug[key] = env[key];
});
/**
* The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
*/
createDebug.names = [];
createDebug.skips = [];
/**
* Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
*
* Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
*/
createDebug.formatters = {};
/**
* Selects a color for a debug namespace
* @param {String} namespace The namespace string for the debug instance to be colored
* @return {Number|String} An ANSI color code for the given namespace
* @api private
*/
function selectColor(namespace) {
let hash = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < namespace.length; i++) {
hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
}
return createDebug.colors[Math.abs(hash) % createDebug.colors.length];
}
createDebug.selectColor = selectColor;
/**
* Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
*
* @param {String} namespace
* @return {Function}
* @api public
*/
function createDebug(namespace) {
let prevTime;
let enableOverride = null;
let namespacesCache;
let enabledCache;
function debug(...args) {
// Disabled?
if (!debug.enabled) {
return;
}
const self = debug;
// Set `diff` timestamp
const curr = Number(new Date());
const ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
self.diff = ms;
self.prev = prevTime;
self.curr = curr;
prevTime = curr;
args[0] = createDebug.coerce(args[0]);
if (typeof args[0] !== 'string') {
// Anything else let's inspect with %O
args.unshift('%O');
}
// Apply any `formatters` transformations
let index = 0;
args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, (match, format) => {
// If we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
if (match === '%%') {
return '%';
}
index++;
const formatter = createDebug.formatters[format];
if (typeof formatter === 'function') {
const val = args[index];
match = formatter.call(self, val);
// Now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
args.splice(index, 1);
index--;
}
return match;
});
// Apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
createDebug.formatArgs.call(self, args);
const logFn = self.log || createDebug.log;
logFn.apply(self, args);
}
debug.namespace = namespace;
debug.useColors = createDebug.useColors();
debug.color = createDebug.selectColor(namespace);
debug.extend = extend;
debug.destroy = createDebug.destroy; // XXX Temporary. Will be removed in the next major release.
Object.defineProperty(debug, 'enabled', {
enumerable: true,
configurable: false,
get: () => {
if (enableOverride !== null) {
return enableOverride;
}
if (namespacesCache !== createDebug.namespaces) {
namespacesCache = createDebug.namespaces;
enabledCache = createDebug.enabled(namespace);
}
return enabledCache;
},
set: v => {
enableOverride = v;
}
});
// Env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
if (typeof createDebug.init === 'function') {
createDebug.init(debug);
}
return debug;
}
function extend(namespace, delimiter) {
const newDebug = createDebug(this.namespace + (typeof delimiter === 'undefined' ? ':' : delimiter) + namespace);
newDebug.log = this.log;
return newDebug;
}
/**
* Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
* separated by a colon and wildcards.
*
* @param {String} namespaces
* @api public
*/
function enable(namespaces) {
createDebug.save(namespaces);
createDebug.namespaces = namespaces;
createDebug.names = [];
createDebug.skips = [];
let i;
const split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
const len = split.length;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (!split[i]) {
// ignore empty strings
continue;
}
namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
createDebug.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.slice(1) + '$'));
} else {
createDebug.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
}
}
}
/**
* Disable debug output.
*
* @return {String} namespaces
* @api public
*/
function disable() {
const namespaces = [
...createDebug.names.map(toNamespace),
...createDebug.skips.map(toNamespace).map(namespace => '-' + namespace)
].join(',');
createDebug.enable('');
return namespaces;
}
/**
* Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
*
* @param {String} name
* @return {Boolean}
* @api public
*/
function enabled(name) {
if (name[name.length - 1] === '*') {
return true;
}
let i;
let len;
for (i = 0, len = createDebug.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
if (createDebug.skips[i].test(name)) {
return false;
}
}
for (i = 0, len = createDebug.names.length; i < len; i++) {
if (createDebug.names[i].test(name)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Convert regexp to namespace
*
* @param {RegExp} regxep
* @return {String} namespace
* @api private
*/
function toNamespace(regexp) {
return regexp.toString()
.substring(2, regexp.toString().length - 2)
.replace(/\.\*\?$/, '*');
}
/**
* Coerce `val`.
*
* @param {Mixed} val
* @return {Mixed}
* @api private
*/
function coerce(val) {
if (val instanceof Error) {
return val.stack || val.message;
}
return val;
}
/**
* XXX DO NOT USE. This is a temporary stub function.
* XXX It WILL be removed in the next major release.
*/
function destroy() {
console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
}
createDebug.enable(createDebug.load());
return createDebug;
}
module.exports = setup;

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/**
* Detect Electron renderer / nwjs process, which is node, but we should
* treat as a browser.
*/
if (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.type === 'renderer' || process.browser === true || process.__nwjs) {
module.exports = require('./browser.js');
} else {
module.exports = require('./node.js');
}

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/**
* Module dependencies.
*/
const tty = require('tty');
const util = require('util');
/**
* This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
*/
exports.init = init;
exports.log = log;
exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
exports.save = save;
exports.load = load;
exports.useColors = useColors;
exports.destroy = util.deprecate(
() => {},
'Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.'
);
/**
* Colors.
*/
exports.colors = [6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1];
try {
// Optional dependency (as in, doesn't need to be installed, NOT like optionalDependencies in package.json)
// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
const supportsColor = require('supports-color');
if (supportsColor && (supportsColor.stderr || supportsColor).level >= 2) {
exports.colors = [
20,
21,
26,
27,
32,
33,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
56,
57,
62,
63,
68,
69,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
92,
93,
98,
99,
112,
113,
128,
129,
134,
135,
148,
149,
160,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172,
173,
178,
179,
184,
185,
196,
197,
198,
199,
200,
201,
202,
203,
204,
205,
206,
207,
208,
209,
214,
215,
220,
221
];
}
} catch (error) {
// Swallow - we only care if `supports-color` is available; it doesn't have to be.
}
/**
* Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
*
* $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
*/
exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(key => {
return /^debug_/i.test(key);
}).reduce((obj, key) => {
// Camel-case
const prop = key
.substring(6)
.toLowerCase()
.replace(/_([a-z])/g, (_, k) => {
return k.toUpperCase();
});
// Coerce string value into JS value
let val = process.env[key];
if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) {
val = true;
} else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) {
val = false;
} else if (val === 'null') {
val = null;
} else {
val = Number(val);
}
obj[prop] = val;
return obj;
}, {});
/**
* Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
*/
function useColors() {
return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts ?
Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors) :
tty.isatty(process.stderr.fd);
}
/**
* Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
*
* @api public
*/
function formatArgs(args) {
const {namespace: name, useColors} = this;
if (useColors) {
const c = this.color;
const colorCode = '\u001B[3' + (c < 8 ? c : '8;5;' + c);
const prefix = ` ${colorCode};1m${name} \u001B[0m`;
args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
args.push(colorCode + 'm+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001B[0m');
} else {
args[0] = getDate() + name + ' ' + args[0];
}
}
function getDate() {
if (exports.inspectOpts.hideDate) {
return '';
}
return new Date().toISOString() + ' ';
}
/**
* Invokes `util.formatWithOptions()` with the specified arguments and writes to stderr.
*/
function log(...args) {
return process.stderr.write(util.formatWithOptions(exports.inspectOpts, ...args) + '\n');
}
/**
* Save `namespaces`.
*
* @param {String} namespaces
* @api private
*/
function save(namespaces) {
if (namespaces) {
process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
} else {
// If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
// string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
delete process.env.DEBUG;
}
}
/**
* Load `namespaces`.
*
* @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
* @api private
*/
function load() {
return process.env.DEBUG;
}
/**
* Init logic for `debug` instances.
*
* Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
* differently for a particular `debug` instance.
*/
function init(debug) {
debug.inspectOpts = {};
const keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
}
}
module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
const {formatters} = module.exports;
/**
* Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
*/
formatters.o = function (v) {
this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
.split('\n')
.map(str => str.trim())
.join(' ');
};
/**
* Map %O to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
*/
formatters.O = function (v) {
this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
};

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

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# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
## install
```
npm install safe-buffer
```
## usage
The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
the top of your node.js modules:
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
new Buffer(obj)
new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
```
## api
### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `array` {Array}
Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
```js
const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
// creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
// ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
a `new ArrayBuffer()`
* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
TypedArray.
```js
const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
arr[0] = 5000;
arr[1] = 4000;
const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
arr[1] = 6000;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
```
The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
```js
const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
console.log(buf.length);
// Prints: 2
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `buffer` {Buffer}
Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
buf1[0] = 0x61;
console.log(buf1.toString());
// 'auffer'
console.log(buf2.toString());
// 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `str` {String} String to encode.
* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
console.log(buf1.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
// prints: this is a tC)st
const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
console.log(buf2.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
```
If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
```
Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The `size` must
be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
```js
const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
// (octets will be different, every time)
buf.fill(0);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The
`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
many `Persistent` objects.
However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
copy out the relevant bits.
```js
// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
const store = [];
socket.on('readable', () => {
const data = socket.read();
// allocate for retained data
const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
// copy the data into the new allocation
data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
store.push(sb);
});
```
Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### All the Rest
The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
## Related links
- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
what you want.
Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
```js
// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
function toHex (str) {
return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
}
```
***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
### Remote Memory Disclosure
If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
> `new Buffer(size)`
>
> - `size` Number
>
> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
(Emphasis our own.)
Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
like this:
```js
var buf = new Buffer(16)
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
hex:
```js
// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
var data = ''
req.setEncoding('utf8')
req.on('data', function (chunk) {
data += chunk
})
req.on('end', function () {
var body = JSON.parse(data)
res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
})
})
server.listen(8080)
```
In this example, an http client just has to send:
```json
{
"str": 1000
}
```
and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
memory by remote attackers.
### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
Here's
[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
These were the vulnerable methods:
```js
socket.send(number)
socket.ping(number)
socket.pong(number)
```
Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
```js
server.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.on('message', function (message) {
message = JSON.parse(message)
if (message.type === 'echo') {
socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
}
})
})
```
`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
### What's the solution?
It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
variables in without checking the type very carefully.
#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
```js
var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### How do we fix node.js core?
We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
```js
var str = 16
new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
```
In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
what the programmer intended.
But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
### What's the real long-term fix?
We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
#### Update
We now support adding three new APIs:
- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
### Conclusion
We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
with friendly "developer ergonomics".
This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
most popular npm packages.
Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
`buffer`.
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
```
Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
## links
- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
## credit
The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
auditing the code.
## license
MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)

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@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
declare module "safe-buffer" {
export class Buffer {
length: number
write(string: string, offset?: number, length?: number, encoding?: string): number;
toString(encoding?: string, start?: number, end?: number): string;
toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer', data: any[] };
equals(otherBuffer: Buffer): boolean;
compare(otherBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, targetEnd?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
copy(targetBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
slice(start?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
swap16(): Buffer;
swap32(): Buffer;
swap64(): Buffer;
writeUInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
fill(value: any, offset?: number, end?: number): this;
indexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): boolean;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
*
* @param str String to store in buffer.
* @param encoding encoding to use, optional. Default is 'utf8'
*/
constructor (str: string, encoding?: string);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
*/
constructor (size: number);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: Uint8Array);
/**
* Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
* the given {ArrayBuffer}.
*
*
* @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
*/
constructor (arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: any[]);
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
*
* @param buffer The buffer to copy.
*/
constructor (buffer: Buffer);
prototype: Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new Buffer using an {array} of octets.
*
* @param array
*/
static from(array: any[]): Buffer;
/**
* When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
* the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
* The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
* within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
*
* @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of a TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
* @param byteOffset
* @param length
*/
static from(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new Buffer instance.
*
* @param buffer
*/
static from(buffer: Buffer): Buffer;
/**
* Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
* If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
* If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
*
* @param str
*/
static from(str: string, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
*
* @param obj object to test.
*/
static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
* Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
*
* @param encoding string to test.
*/
static isEncoding(encoding: string): boolean;
/**
* Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
* This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
*
* @param string string to test.
* @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
*/
static byteLength(string: string, encoding?: string): number;
/**
* Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
*
* If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
* If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
* If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
*
* @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
* @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
* If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
*/
static concat(list: Buffer[], totalLength?: number): Buffer;
/**
* The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
*/
static compare(buf1: Buffer, buf2: Buffer): number;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
* @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
* If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
* @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
*/
static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
/*! safe-buffer. MIT License. Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org/opensource> */
/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
var buffer = require('buffer')
var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
// alternative to using Object.keys for old browsers
function copyProps (src, dst) {
for (var key in src) {
dst[key] = src[key]
}
}
if (Buffer.from && Buffer.alloc && Buffer.allocUnsafe && Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow) {
module.exports = buffer
} else {
// Copy properties from require('buffer')
copyProps(buffer, exports)
exports.Buffer = SafeBuffer
}
function SafeBuffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
SafeBuffer.prototype = Object.create(Buffer.prototype)
// Copy static methods from Buffer
copyProps(Buffer, SafeBuffer)
SafeBuffer.from = function (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
if (typeof arg === 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must not be a number')
}
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
SafeBuffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
var buf = Buffer(size)
if (fill !== undefined) {
if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
buf.fill(fill, encoding)
} else {
buf.fill(fill)
}
} else {
buf.fill(0)
}
return buf
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return Buffer(size)
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
{
"name": "safe-buffer",
"description": "Safer Node.js Buffer API",
"version": "5.2.1",
"author": {
"name": "Feross Aboukhadijeh",
"email": "feross@feross.org",
"url": "https://feross.org"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer/issues"
},
"devDependencies": {
"standard": "*",
"tape": "^5.0.0"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer",
"keywords": [
"buffer",
"buffer allocate",
"node security",
"safe",
"safe-buffer",
"security",
"uninitialized"
],
"license": "MIT",
"main": "index.js",
"types": "index.d.ts",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/feross/safe-buffer.git"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "standard && tape test/*.js"
},
"funding": [
{
"type": "github",
"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/feross"
},
{
"type": "patreon",
"url": "https://www.patreon.com/feross"
},
{
"type": "consulting",
"url": "https://feross.org/support"
}
]
}

99
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{
"name": "express",
"description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework",
"version": "5.0.0",
"author": "TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>",
"contributors": [
"Aaron Heckmann <aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com>",
"Ciaran Jessup <ciaranj@gmail.com>",
"Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>",
"Guillermo Rauch <rauchg@gmail.com>",
"Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>",
"Roman Shtylman <shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com>",
"Young Jae Sim <hanul@hanul.me>"
],
"license": "MIT",
"repository": "expressjs/express",
"homepage": "http://expressjs.com/",
"keywords": [
"express",
"framework",
"sinatra",
"web",
"http",
"rest",
"restful",
"router",
"app",
"api"
],
"dependencies": {
"accepts": "^2.0.0",
"body-parser": "^2.0.1",
"content-disposition": "^1.0.0",
"content-type": "~1.0.4",
"cookie": "0.6.0",
"cookie-signature": "^1.2.1",
"debug": "4.3.6",
"depd": "2.0.0",
"encodeurl": "~2.0.0",
"escape-html": "~1.0.3",
"etag": "~1.8.1",
"finalhandler": "^2.0.0",
"fresh": "2.0.0",
"http-errors": "2.0.0",
"merge-descriptors": "^2.0.0",
"methods": "~1.1.2",
"mime-types": "^3.0.0",
"on-finished": "2.4.1",
"once": "1.4.0",
"parseurl": "~1.3.3",
"proxy-addr": "~2.0.7",
"qs": "6.13.0",
"range-parser": "~1.2.1",
"router": "^2.0.0",
"safe-buffer": "5.2.1",
"send": "^1.1.0",
"serve-static": "^2.1.0",
"setprototypeof": "1.2.0",
"statuses": "2.0.1",
"type-is": "^2.0.0",
"utils-merge": "1.0.1",
"vary": "~1.1.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"after": "0.8.2",
"connect-redis": "3.4.2",
"cookie-parser": "1.4.6",
"cookie-session": "2.0.0",
"ejs": "3.1.9",
"eslint": "8.47.0",
"express-session": "1.17.2",
"hbs": "4.2.0",
"marked": "0.7.0",
"method-override": "3.0.0",
"mocha": "10.2.0",
"morgan": "1.10.0",
"nyc": "15.1.0",
"pbkdf2-password": "1.2.1",
"supertest": "6.3.0",
"vhost": "~3.0.2"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 18"
},
"files": [
"LICENSE",
"History.md",
"Readme.md",
"index.js",
"lib/"
],
"scripts": {
"lint": "eslint .",
"test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
"test-ci": "nyc --exclude examples --exclude test --exclude benchmarks --reporter=lcovonly --reporter=text npm test",
"test-cov": "nyc --exclude examples --exclude test --exclude benchmarks --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
"test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/"
}
}